The roble had hit a record low after the West imposed sweeping sanctions on Russia for its aggression in Ukraine. Russia's president recently ordered exports of Russian gas to "unfriendly" countries to be settled in robles. The speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament said Moscow was prepared and could shift supplies to markets such as Asia if Europe refused to buy Russian energy.

European countries, which pay mostly in euros, say Russia has no right to reset contracts.  The G7 rejected Russia's demand and urged companies not to agree to pay in robles, saying most contracts stipulated payment in euros or dollars. Wholesale gas prices in Europe have risen further recently on concerns about potential supply disruptions.

The Kremlin spokesman said, "According to the March 31 deadline set by Russia's president, we are developing all payment methods to get a simple, understandable, and feasible system for relevant European and international buyers,"

The markets and prices of more commodities like the Nickel-based Alloy would be affected because of the volatile international political situations.

What is GH4049 (GH49) nickel base alloy?

GH4049 is a nickel-based superalloy, which is an age-hardening alloy. The corresponding grade is GH49. Its nickel content is about 70%. After the alloy is remelted by electroslag or vacuum arc, its processing plasticity can be improved. GH4049 superalloy has good hot and cold working properties. The alloy has good oxidation resistance below 1000 °C high temperature environment, high high temperature strength below 950 °C, small notch sensitivity, good oxidation resistance and fatigue strength. , poor single hot working plasticity

Main processing properties of GH4049 (GH49) nickel-based alloy

Compared with nickel-based alloys of the same kind, GH4049 superalloy has poor hot working plasticity. It is suitable for making gas turbine working blades with a working temperature of 850-950 °C. It is mainly used to make turbine blades for aviation, naval and industrial gas turbines. , high-temperature components such as guide vanes, turbine disks, high-pressure compressor disks and combustion chambers; also used in the manufacture of space vehicles, rocket engines, nuclear reactors, petrochemical equipment, and coal conversion and other energy conversion devices.

The nano-surface crystal layer was prepared on the surface of GH4049 nickel-based superalloy by the treatment process. The effects of different ultrasonic shot peening intensity and shot peening time on its yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness were analyzed. Residual stress distribution of the specimen after nanoization. The research results show that the increase of shot peening time has no direct relationship with the improvement of material strength, and with the increase of shot peening time, the strength of the material will decrease due to the damage of the material surface. After ultrasonic shot peening, the microhardness was significantly improved compared with that of the untreated specimen, and a compressive stress layer of about thickness was formed on the surface of the specimen, and the large compressive stress far exceeded the yield limit of the material.

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